No connection fees −
at last
sense is prevailing!
Connecting the Poor: Dealing with Connection Fee Hang-ups (ADB, 2007)
Managing Water for All: An OECD
Perspective on Pricing and Financing (OECD, 2009): Full report Key Messages for Policy Makers.
Cost Recovery, Equity, and
Efficiency in Water Tariffs: Evidence from African Utilities (World Bank, 2008)
A Framework for Analyzing Tariffs and Subsidies in Water
Provision to Urban Households in Developing Countries (UN, 2007) − “The aim of the paper is to present a basic
conceptual framework for understanding the main practical issues and challenges
relating to tariffs and subsidies in the water sector in developing countries.”
Providing water to the urban poor in developing countries:
the role of tariffs and subsidies (UN DESA, 2007)
A Framework for
Analyzing Tariffs and Subsidies in Water Provision to Urban Households in
Developing Countries (UN DESA, 2008)
Subsidised water
connections for the urban poor (SADOCC, 2008)
Pro-Poor Subsidies for
Water Connections in West Africa (Water Working Note #3, The World Bank, 2005) Executive Summary.
Pricing, Subsidies,
and the Poor: Demand for Improved Water Services in Central America
(World Bank, 1999)
Helping Regulators Improve Services to the Poor (BPD Water
and Sanitation webpage with links to two well-worth-reading pdf files)
Charging to Enter the Water Shop? (Cranfield University,
2006)
Charging to enter the water shop? The costs of urban water
connections for the poor (WST−WS,
2005)
Community Managed System for Operation, Billing &
Collection of Water Charges (UN Habitat, 2006)
Pricing Water and Sanitation Services (background paper for
HDR 2006)
Pricing
water (OECD Observer, 2003)
Modelling domestic water tariffs (eWISA, 2004)
Water and Sanitation Tariffs for the Poor (WEDC, 2004)
Beyond Cost Recovery: Setting
User Charges for Financial, Economic, and Social Goals (ADB, 2004)
Tariffs, subsidies and development funding (ADB, 2003) [Chapter
11 of Asian Water Supplies: Reaching the Urban Poor]
Water valuation (Chapter 3 of Managing Water
Demand: Policies, Practices, and Lessons from the Middle East and North Africa
Forums, IDRC, 2005)
The challenge of economic regulation of water and sanitation
in urban India (Habitat International,
2008)
Setting up payment systems (MIT Urban Upgrading webpage)
Establishing pricing policy (MIT Urban Upgrading webpage)
If you are planning to use an
Increasing Block Tariff stucture to
charge everyone (in- cluding the poor) for water, then be
aware of the pitfalls:
The
Political Economy of Increasing Block Tariffs for Water in Developing
Countries
(IDRC, 1998)
Quantity-based subsidies are not effective in targeting the
poor (World Bank, 2005)
Possible adverse effects of increasing block water tariffs
in developing countries (Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1992)
The determinants of water connection and water consumption:
Empirical evidence from a Cambodian household survey (World Development,
2008) Quote: The policy
implication of this research is that development practitioners should consider
a connection (rather than a consumption) subsidy scheme, as it would stimulate
increased access to clean water among all households, including the poorest.
Demand and distributional effects of water pricing policies (Ecological
Economics, 2007)
Quote:
For the current combined regressive–progressive block price system [in São Paulo], the poor
spend almost 4.2% to 4.7% of their income on water. The rich only pay 0.4% to
0.5% of their income whereas they consume more than twice as much. A
progressive block price or an income-dependent price system may result in a
more equalized income distribution.
Unintended
consequences of increasing block tariffs pricing policy in urban water (Water Resources Research, 2007)
Residential water
demand model under block rate pricing: A case study of Beijing, China
(Communications in Nonlinear Science and
Numerical Simulation, 2008)
Block rate pricing of water in Indonesia: An analysis of welfare effects
(Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 2000)
Estimating water demand under increasing-block tariffs using
aggregate data and proportions of users per block (Environmental and Resource Economics, 2003)
The sustainable
residential water use: Sustainability, efficiency and social equity – the
European exp- erience (Ecological Economics,
2008)
Water demand under alternative price
structures (Journal of Environmental Economics and
Management, 2007)
Urban and rural attitudes toward municipal water controls: A
study of a semi-arid region with limited water supplies (Ecological
Economics, 2008) − in
urban areas in Texas it was found that “a hybrid conservation policy that
includes mandatory restrictions, fines for overuse, and pricing
increases could be more acceptable, and hence more efficient, than a policy
that only consists of regulation.”
