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include representatives from developing countries, and the resulting Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council held its first meeting in Oslo in 1991. |
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Working groups were set up under the Collaborative Council, and a Sanitation Working Group produced its report Sanitation: Unmet Challenge for the Rabat meeting of the Council in 1993 with a strong plea for increased advocacy in the subject, stressing also the need for innovative cheaper technologies for safe excreta removal. Another working group was entrusted with the task of developing a strategy for the improved provision of water supply and sanitation services to urban areas. This group reported to the Barbados meeting of the Council in October 1995. |
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A continuing initiative of a further working group of the Council concerned with applied research, is GARNET (Global Applied Research Networkin water supply and sanitation). Although there are GARNET topic networks for many water supply aspects, and for sanitation topics such as nightsoil/sludge treatment, pit latrines and solid waste collection, so far there is none for sewerage systems. |
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1.2.2
UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program |
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Initiatives within the UN and World Bank system have included the UNDP/WB Water and Sanitation Program, which commenced with pilot projects in the late 1970s. This is a worldwide network dedicated to improving the access of poor people to safe water and sanitation on a sustainable basis. Working in over 40 developing countries, together with governments, donor agencies and NGOs, this Programme aims to promote 'innovative solutions tailored to meet local needs and conditions'. One of its more well known sanitation interventions has been in Kumasi, Ghana's second largest city, where, during the early 1990s, the programme helped significantly to improve both public and household latrines serving poor communities in part of the city, as well as to provide a basis for strategic sanitation planning for the whole city. |
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1.2.3
World Bank Water Resources Policy |
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In its 1993 Policy Paper on Water Resources Management the World Bank recognized the economic and environmental conse- |
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