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sanitation among target populations is therefore often low, and the interest of implementing agencies in investing in sanitation may also be low. This is due to a general lack of awareness of the health benefits from improved sanitation (LaFond, 1995). |
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1.1.3
Inadequate Provision of Sanitation Facilities. |
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The most detailed and authoritative data sets concerning the provision of sanitation in urban areas around the world are probably those given in the annual Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Monitoring Reports of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply and Sanitation Monitoring Programme (JMP). Commentators on the subject increasingly turn to the JMP reports for information on a country basis for the numbers of people served in total and by type of technology. |
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The UN Secretary General reported to the March 1994 session of the Committee on Natural Resources of the Economic and Social Council that, based on information received by the JMP from countries in the African and the Asian and Pacific regions, the percentage of the urban population with 'adequate' sanitation in 1993 was lower than had been estimated at the end of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD) in 1990. More than 40 per cent of the urban population in Africa still did not have adequate sanitation, and in Asia and the Pacific the figure was 38 per cent (United Nations, 1994). |
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Drawing on earlier JMP data the World Bank's World Development Report 1992 showed that a world total population in urban and rural areas of 1.7 billion were without adequate sanitation in 1990, and then projected that, even with accelerated investment and efficiency reforms, this number would not reduce before the year 2030 because of population growth (World Bank, 1992). With a 'business as usual' investment scenario the population without adequate facilities would increase to 3.2 billion by 2030. |
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The JMP report for 1993, giving the sector status as of 31 December 1991, still indicated a global sanitation-unserved population of 1.7 billion (WHO/UNICEF, 1993). This report also indicated that, in the 82 Third World countries monitored of 130 invited to participate, 60 per cent of the urban population (high income) that were served by sanitary facilities, had house connec- |
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